Q. What does "317" actually mean?
Q. Why is the spacecraft design so weird?
Q. Could an asteroid really destroy the Earth?
Q. How was the "317" Flight Crew chosen?
Q. Why are the spacecraft launched from lunar orbit?
Q. If this story is set so far into the future, how come the spacecraft doesn't have more automatic stuff in it?
Q. Is it really possible to determine if an asteroid will strike the Earth 40 years from now?
Q. What does the "317" flight crew eat?
Q. The flight crew is in space with no windows and no Sun. How do they know when to go to bed?
Q. How does everyone go to the bathroom?
Q. How does hyper sleep work?
Q. Why wasn't the crew stretched out under a glass bubble with air in it while they were in hyper sleep like I've seen in so many movies?
Q. Will the "317" Flight Crew ever encounter aliens?
Q. What are all the pipes and machines for inside the spacecraft?
Q. Why send children and not grownups?
Q. How will everyone keep from going crazy?

 

Q. What does "317" actually mean?

A. "317" is the saga of the three hundred and seventeenth group of six children to be launched out away from the doomed Earth. There were three hundred and sixteen launches prior to theirs. There will be one hundred and eighty three more.

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Q. Why is the spacecraft design so weird?

A. The large reactor needed to generate enough energy to drive the ion-beam engine also produces lots of radiation. If the flight crew were housed close to the reactor -- in other words, in the same part of the craft -- huge amounts of shielding would be required to keep the crew safe. By placing the crew in a ring far away from the core, the added distance -- about a thousand feet -- reduces the likelihood of exposure. (See the section on "The Technology of 317" for more details.)

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Q. Could an asteroid really destroy the Earth?

A. Tons of material from space fall on the Earth each year -- mostly as dust. But there are Earth orbit crossing asteroids which traverse the path the Earth follows around the Sun. The odds of the Earth and one of those asteroids ever being in the same place at the same time is not zero. However, it would take an object of extraordinary size to actually destroy our planet. A larger worry is what would happen if even a 'small' asteroid were to strike the Earth. Even if the impact was far from civilized areas, material thrown into the atmosphere could reduce the amount of sunlight which reaches the surface, thus destroying or damaging the plant life which needs that sunlight. If that were to happen, it's possible that plant-eating animals would eventually perish. Then the animals which depend on those plant eaters as food would lose their source of food too.

Asteroid links:
http://science.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/191230&tid=160&tid=14
http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2-1573790,00.html
http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/db_shm?rec=99942
http://www.answers.com/topic/2004-mn4

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Q. How was the "317" Flight Crew chosen?

A. In subsequent episodes, we will learn all about this. But we can say that the crew is very smart and very resourceful and each crew member brings with them a unique talent essential to the survival of the entire group.

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Q. Why are the spacecraft launched from lunar orbit?

A. Even in a high orbit around the Earth, small amounts of the atmosphere still exist. It's not much -- a molecule here and there -- but over the long time needed to get all 500 groups launched, an object as large as the 15-mile-long rail gun would end up striking so many of them that its orbital velocity would gradually decrease and it would either reenter the atmosphere and burn up or need to be constantly propelled back into its original orbit.

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Q. If this story is set so far into the future, how come the spacecraft doesn't have more automatic stuff in it?

A. Automatic stuff requires lots of energy to run it and lots of time to keep it working properly. Pretty much every bit of energy created by the reactor in the central core is used to (1) propel the craft forward, and (2) keep the flight crew alive. Another factor is boredom. If the crew has nothing to do... Well, you can probably figure that one out.

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Q. Is it really possible to determine if an asteroid will strike the Earth 40 years from now?

A. We made an assumption that technology in the not too distant future would allow accurate tracking of material in space -- even at that great distance. Keep in mind that asteroids generally reside in an orbit between Mars and Jupiter. The asteroid responsible for destroying the Earth in "317" had not been followed at all until it was determined that a very specific alignment of planets in our solar system would deflect the asteroid's path and aim it directly at the Earth. It was a one-in-a-trillion combination. (Check out the section on 'Asteroids' where there are links to sites which discuss and list Earth-orbit-corssing asteroids and assess the risks they present. In particular, check out asteroid '2004-MN4'. Where will you be in 2035?)

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Q. What does the "317" flight crew eat?

A. When they first came out of hyper sleep, the crew drank a special nutrient solution. It tastes pretty awful. Later, they ate what could best be described as 'baby food'. Their bodies -- especially their digestive systems -- had been inert for 1000 years. They needed to get used to eating all over again. And still later, 'normal' food was introduced. There is enough actual food to keep six crew members alive for up to one year. Of course the crew has been awakened 75 years too soon. You'll have to watch the series to find out how they deal with that rather serious problem.

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Q. The flight crew is in space with no windows and no Sun. How do they know when to go to bed?

A. Archer made the decision early on to keep to a 24-hour 'day'. She felt it was essential to have some sort of routine. Research has shown, however, that the human body and mind, deprived of any indication of time-of-day, will gradually slip into a cycle that may actually last longer than our familiar 24 hours. I wonder why?

Circadian Rhythm Links:
http://childrentoday.com/resources/articles/circadian.htm
http://www.mrs.umn.edu/~goochv/Circadian/circadian.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circadian_rhythm
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/C/Circadian.html

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Q. How does everyone go to the bathroom?

A. Just like normal.

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Q. How does hyper sleep work?

A. Hyper sleep should probably be called 'hyber sleep'. Prior to launch, each member of the flight crew is given a programmed series of chemicals which are designed to stop their body's production of specific enzymes. They are then hooked up to machinery which essentially replaces their body's functions -- cell replacement, cell content and distribution balance, and basic chemistry levels. Further, each brain is cycled through a neurological stimulation process to prevent atrophy of that organ. Once it is apparent that the individual crew member's body will adapt to external controls, the body is placed in an individual cocoon. The cocoon is filled with a gelatinous fluid whose sole purpose is to seal the crew member against any external attackers, such as viruses or bacteria. When it is time to transition the crew member back to a self-supporting condition -- in other words, to wake up the crew member and end the hyper sleep -- a planned series of events, both electrical and chemical, take place within each cocoon. Each step must be successfully completed before the next step is begun. The final step is to wake the crew member at the exact moment the cocoon's fluid is over-pressurized, thus forcing the cocoon open and ejecting the living and breathing crew member from it. (See the research paper summary on hyper sleep in "The Technology of 317" section.)

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Q. Why wasn't the crew stretched out under a glass bubble with air in it while they were in hyper sleep like I've seen in so many movies?

A. Hyper sleep, as we envision it, is essentially a controlled persistent vegetative state. Typically, someone in such a state is not expected to ever return from it. In the story of "317", the technology to induce and then recover has been developed. In such a vegetative state, the body naturally curls into a fetal position. Leaving air inside any hyper sleep chamber is potentially dangerous as there is no way of insuring that the air will stay 100% bacteria or virus free for the duration of the hyper sleep. Each crew member's lungs are filled with the same fluid. Oxygen is supplied and carbon dioxide and other waste materials are removed by the system. The technology is not without its problems, however.

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Q. Will the "317" Flight Crew ever encounter aliens?

A. That is a good question.

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Q. What are all the pipes and machines for inside the spacecraft?

A. Mostly they're there to help create a livable atmosphere and climate inside the craft for the flight crew. Oxygen and CO2 levels, humidity, recycling of all waste material, and temperature control are all critical. Just a few inches of spacecraft separate the crew from certain death. 'Outside' there is no air whatsoever and the temperatures are close to absolute zero (-273°C). Additionally, a large amount of equipment was used to keep the flight crew alive while in hypersleep for 1000 years.

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Q. Why send children and not grownups?

A. If it were possible, infants would be sent. The bodies of younger children do a better job of repairing themselves than those same bodies do when older. Of course, infants would not be able to operate or repair the craft, let alone navigate down to a new planet. This then is the compromise -- young enough to be biologically viable and old enough to get the job done.

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Q. How will everyone keep from going crazy?

A. That is the question, isn't it.

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